How is "VFR on Top" defined?

"VFR on Top" is defined as flying under Visual Flight Rules (VFR) while operating above a layer of cloud cover. In this situation, although the aircraft is in controlled airspace and may be operating under an instrument flight plan, the pilot maintains visual reference to the ground or horizon by flying above the clouds. This allows the pilot to avoid the hazards associated with flying solely on instruments, while also complying with VFR regulations.

This practice is beneficial for pilots wishing to navigate visually while still adhering to the requirements of an Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) flight plan, enhancing situational awareness and safety. It’s important that the pilot maintains VFR minimums even when flying above the clouds, ensuring visual contact can be made with the horizon or ground reference.

The other options presented do not accurately describe the conditions or regulations associated with "VFR on Top." For instance, flying with Visual Flight Rules below cloud cover pertains more to standard VFR operations, while instrument conditions at lower altitudes suggest a different set of operational parameters. Similarly, flying at night without visual aids contradicts the principles of VFR, which emphasize visual navigation.